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The idea that democracy is an exercise in public reason has its roots in the work of philosophers like Kant and Hobbes, and has been further developed by authors such as Jungerman Habermas and John Rawls.

Basically, it defends that the political decisions taken in modern societies must be based on rational justifications.

Only reason would be able to produce consensus in a world as complex as ours.

Further examination of the way modern societies resolve their relevant disputes, however, suggest it is not reason, but the old clash of political forces, that prevail in making and legitimizing laws.