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On the eve of the French revolution in 1789, there were severe restrictions on Jewish activity across all over Europe.

For instance in German Frankfurt Jewish communities had to live according to strict rules, which were constituted in the Middle Ages.

Approximately 500 Jewish households dwelt in the city, all of them occupied special district, which was walled off from the rest city and called «Judengasse» or «Jewish street».

The Jewish had no right to leave the ghetto at night, on Sundays or on Christian holidays.

Jewish streets were tremendously cramped.

The jewish lived under permanent oppression.

Each 2 year the ghetto could shelter no more than 2 families, moreover only 20 couples were allowed to get married and only if both of them were older than 25 years old.

The jewish were strictly forbidden to engage in farming and arms, spices, wine, grain trade.

Until 1726, they had to have special distinctive marks.

But All of a sudden changed when Napoleon came, he abolished obsolete, inefficient social institutions…to be continued:)