TURKÝSH GRAMMER LANGUAGE LESSON-10

VOWEL HARMONY
REFERENCE

For -a or -e suffixes

a, ý, o, u

add

-a

e, i, ö, ü

add

-e

For -ý or -u suffixes

a or ý

add

-ý

o or u

add

-u

For -i or -ü suffixes

e or i

add

-i

ö or ü

add

-ü

CONSONANT MUTATION
REFERENCE

The Unvoiced Consonants

ç

f

h

k

p

s

þ

t

Consonant Equivalents

k< ð

t< d

ç< c

p< b

f< v

Suffix Equivalents

-de/-da < -te/-ta

-den/-dan < -ten/-tan

-dý/-di < -tý/-ti

-du/dü < -tu/tü

-cý/-ci < -çý/-çi

-cu/cü < -çu/çü

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
REFERENCE

my    -ým -im -um -üm
and after vowels
-m

your    -ýn -in -un -ün
and after vowels
-n

his/her/its    -ý -i -u -ü
and after vowels
-sý -si -su- -sü

our    -ýmýz -imiz -umuz -ümüz
and after vowels
-mýz- miz -muz -müz

your    -ýnýz -iniz -unuz -ünüz
and after vowels
-nýz -niz -nuz -nüz

their    -larý -leri
and after vowels
-larý -leri (no change)